The Minder Brain            Joe Herbert
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Subject index
This is the subject index that appears at the end of the book.  The numbers refer to the book's pages.


acclimatisation  191

acetylcholine  54, 56, 74

       and drinking  124

ACTH  84, 90, 228, 350

adaptability  67

adaptation  2, 18, 20, 94, 98

adaptive behaviour  292

adaptive responses  6

AddisonÕs disease  80--1

adrenal gland  68, 84

       cortex  70, 80, 90

       medulla  70

       response to cold  191

adrenocorticotropic hormone see ACTH

affect  403

affective disorder see depression

affiliation  262

ageing  104

aggression  289, 294, 296, 298

       in males  303, 305

       sex differences  316

       sexual  229, 239--42

agouti  134

aldosterone  172, 208

allostasis  82, 85

altricial birth  254

altruism  275

AlzheimerÕs disease  104

amines  47--8, 63

       see also individual amines

amino acids  114

amygdala  96, 100, 317, 319

       aggression  300, 302

       damage to  241--2

       fear  308

       feeding behaviour  144, 146, 148

       maternal behaviour  260

       sexual behaviour  222, 224

anarchy  320

anatomical addressing  70

anger  72

angiotensin  46, 169

anorexia nervosa  149, 157--8

anterior cingulate  274

anticipatory drinking  175

anxiety  66, 76, 322

apes, sexual behaviour in  

211, 214, 216, 236--7, 239, 242, 244

aphrodisiacs  232

appetite  118

       loss of  132

       see also satiety

arousal  56, 63, 66, 76, 79

asexual reproduction  211

aspirin  197--8

atrial natriuretic factor  172

attachment  254, 262

attention  76, 79

       selective  79

       see also arousal

autism  438

autocrine communication  34

axons  44

bases  424

beauty  205

benzodiazepines  322

bile  130

binding  61

biological clocks  333--65

biological diversity  3

blood  166

blood-brain barrier  74

blood loss  166, 168

blood pressure  166, 168

body fluids  162

       homeostasis  163

body mass index (BMI)  118

body temperature  178--99

       regulation of  179

body weight  108--61

       regulation of  109

       and reproduction  116, 118

bonding  254, 262, 264, 266

brain  4, 6, 8, 15, 17, 19, 32

       chemical signals  37

       components of  10, 12

       emotion  391

       peptides  42, 44--7

       self-preservation  134, 136

       see also various regions

brain-derived growth factor  428, 430

brainstem  100, 168

Brattleboro rat  170

brown adipose tissue  188

bulimia nervosa  149, 157

calcitonin  174

calcium  173--4

cancer  92

cannabis, effect on appetite  128

carotid rete  196

castration  220

cellular communication  31--3

central heating  182

cerebral cortex  12, 22, 44

       serotonin neurons  52

       taste area  144

c-fos protein  92, 94, 96

chemical addressing  70

cholecystokinin  38, 130, 132

cholera  174--5

chromosomes  428

circadian rhythms  333--65

       CLOCK protein  348

       day length  356, 358, 360

       PERIOD protein  346

       suprachiasmatic nuclei 

344, 346, 348, 350, 364

circulatory system  34

CLOCK protein  348

clothing  193

cognition  8, 407

cold adaptation  188, 190

cold-blooded animals  180

communication  31

       autocrine  34

       cellular  31--3

competition  201

conditioned taste aversion  150

congenital adrenal hyperplasia  318

cognitive control  284

cooking  160

co-ordinated adaptive response  169

copulation  212

core temperature  180, 184

corticoids  81--2

       see also individual hormones

corticosterone  80

corticotropin-releasing factor 

47, 84, 86, 88, 132, 230, 406

cortisol  64, 80, 340, 350

       and depression  402, 404, 408

   356, 358, 360


    effects of  102, 104

C-peptide  36

C process  354

cultivated foods  159--60

culture  435

Cushings syndrome  81--2, 400, 402

cytokines  408

day length 

decision-making  284

dehydration  169--70, 175

dehydroepiandrosterone  104

demand  2

denaturing of proteins  196

dendrites  44

depression  60, 366--422

       diagnosis  376, 378, 380

       prevention  398

       risk factors  400

       role of cortisol in  402, 404, 408

       role of hormones in  420

Derbyshire neck  190

desert animals  195--6

DHEA  104, 106

       and depression  408

diabetes insipidus  171

diabetes mellitus  36

diagnosis  368, 370, 374

       depression  376, 378

       dyspnoea  368, 374, 380

Diagnostic and Statistical 

Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)  376

diapause  364

disinhibited-nonaggressive 

behaviour  314

disposition  392

distress  71, 73

diurnal rhythms  80, 333--65

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)  424

dominance  229

dominant traits  432

dopamine  54, 56, 62--3, 74

       and reward  152, 154, 156

       and sexual behaviour  234

drive  140

dyspnoea  368, 374, 380

eating disorders  149, 157--8

ecstasy  54, 198

effort  71, 73

elephants, sexual behaviour  240

emergencies  2

emotion  8, 16, 18, 383--90, 393, 395

       brain and  391

       and reason  403, 405, 407

empathy  391

endangerment  104

endocrine system  38

b-endorphin  228, 230, 266

energy homeostasis  116, 119

energy supply  110, 112

enzymes  180

epigenesis  431, 436

epiphenomenon  58

evolution  3, 27

evolutionary stable strategy  262, 275

executive function  270

extracellular fluid  162, 16


fasting  157

fat stores  136

fear  66, 72, 75, 77, 298, 304, 306--9, 311, 313, 315

feeding behaviour  127

       role of hypothalamus  122, 124

       role of neurotransmitters  124

       role of peptides  46--7, 124, 126, 128

female sexuality  205--6, 209

fertility  216

fever  197--8

fight or flight  65--6

flashbacks  398

food  108, 110

       heating  133

       and human culture  151

       looking for  110

       and reward  137--8, 140

       as social instrument  160--1

food intake  109, 133

       regulation of  114, 116

food taboos  151

free-running  336, 348

functional magnetic resonance imaging  272

GABA  44--5, 322, 324

Gage, Phineas  268, 270

galanin  128

gallbladder  130

gastrin  38

gastrointestinal system  36, 38

gender differences  437

general adaptation syndrome  90

genes  35, 424, 426, 431

       silencing  434, 436

genetics  424

genetic change  445--9

ghrelin  118

glans penis  220

glucagon  191

glucocorticoids  81, 83

glutamate  39, 44--5, 322

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone  206, 232, 234

gonadotrophins  206, 363

grey matter  10

       serotonin in  48

growth hormone  118, 340

gut feeling  16

haemoglobin  190

heat shock proteins  196--7

heat stroke  184

heterozygous  432

5-HIAA  324, 326

hibernation  191--2

hippocampus  23

homeostasis  4, 71, 82, 85

       body fluids  163

       body weight  116

       thermal  179--80

homosexuality  438

homozygous  432

hormone replacement therapy  216

hormones  36, 38

       and depression  420

       sex hormones  202--8, 217--18

       thyroid-stimulating hormone  190

5HT see serotonin

humours  382

hunger  109, 114

hunter-gatherers  110

hunting  159

hydrocortisone see cortisol

hyper-pyrexia  198

hypersomnia  353

hypocretin  354

hypothalamus  18, 40, 84, 86, 90, 96, 99

       aggression  308, 310

       circadian rhythms  342, 344

       feeding behaviour  122, 124, 134, 136

       sexual behaviour  222, 236--7

       sleep  354

       temperature control  186, 190

hypothermia  184, 192


illness  198

immune system  34

imprinted genes  432

imprinting  258

individuality  423--49

insulin  34, 36, 114, 130

       effect on neuropeptide Y  126

       and heat production  191

interleukin-1  198

intracellular fluid  166

jealousy  387, 389

jet-lag  82, 340

kidneys  168--9

killer instinct  7

Kluver-Bucy syndrome  148, 298, 300, 304

K strategy  256

language  31--3

leptin  115--16, 130

       effect on neuropeptide Y  126

lesbianism  438

leucotomy  274, 276

libido  218

librium  322

life events  366, 373, 375, 428

limbic system  10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 63

       arguments against  21, 23

       in body fluid homeostasis  173

       choice of mate  242--4

       circadian rhythms  342

       fear  328, 330

       functions  24

       peptide neurons  45--7

       peptides  96

       serotonin neurons  52

lipopolysaccharide  198

lipostatic hypothesis  116

lordosis  212, 222

love  261--2, 265, 269, 271, 273, 279, 281, 283

LSD  54

magnocellular neurons  98, 100, 171

magnocellular nuclei  170

maladaptation  384

male aggression  303, 305

male sexuality  206--8, 220

maternal behaviour  251--4, 258, 260

mating behaviour  78, 210, 212

       choice of mate  242--4

mating season  226

melanocyte stimulating hormone  228

melatonin  351, 362--3

memory  8, 13

       noradrenaline in  78

menopause  216

menstruation  213--15

midbrain  18

molecular chaperones  196

monoamines see dopamine; noradrenaline; serotonin

mood  378, 380, 384, 390, 392

motilin  38

motivation  8, 140

motor system  8, 20

moulting  193

musth  240

mutations  92, 427

narcolepsy  354

natural selection  3

neurobiology  15

neurochemicals  98

neuroendocrinology  42

neurons  17, 19, 44

neuropeptide Y  46--7, 124, 230, 430

       effect of insulin on  126

       effect of leptin on  126

neurotoxins  50

neurotransmission  44, 57

neurotransmitters  17, 39

       and feeding behaviour  124

       see also individual neurotransmitters

non-shivering thermogenesis  188

noradrenaline  76

       in adrenal medulla  70

       effects of  72

       and feeding behaviour  124

       and memory  78

       as neurotransmitter  18, 54, 56, 62--3, 68

       and sexual behaviour  234

nuclei  98

obesity  115, 117, 119

       and poverty  120

oestradiol  202

oestrogen  64, 173, 202, 256

oestrous  204

oestrous cycle  212--14

olfactory bulb  144, 146

operant behaviour  140

opiates, effect on appetite  128

optic chiasm  344

orbital cortex  314

orbitofrontal cortex  144, 146, 148, 152

orexin  128, 354

ovaries  204, 206, 256

overheating  194--5

ovulation  204

oxytocin  172, 252--3, 266

palatability  122

palimpsests  431

pancreas  36, 136

panting  195

parathyroid gland  173--4

paraventricular nucleus  98, 100

parenting  251

paternal care  251

peptides  20, 32, 34, 37, 39, 48--64, 96, 426

       brain  42, 44

       and feeding behaviour  46--7, 124, 126, 128

peri-aqueductal grey  310

period  346

PERIOD protein  346

perseveration  278

phenacetin  197

pheromones  212

photoperiodism  356, 358, 360

physiological redundancy  70

pilo-erection  186

pineal gland  190, 351, 355, 360, 362

pituitary gland  40, 42, 90, 206, 360

placenta  256

plasticity  19

poikilotherms  180

polymorphisms  426, 428, 430

post-traumatic stress disorder  

78, 93, 396, 398, 414--15

poverty  120

prandial drinking  175

precocial birth  254

predation  296, 298

prefrontal cortex  266, 268, 270, 272, 274

       inhibition of aggression  312

       and social adaptation  278

prefrontal lobotomy  274, 276

pregnancy

       salt intake  173

       water intake  173

Profile of Mood States (POMS)  392



progesterone  64, 202

prokineticin 2  350

prolactin  173, 256, 258

promiscuity  239

pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)  228

prostaglandins  198

protein folding  426

proteins  32

Prozac  51, 62

psychiatry  372, 374, 379, 381

psychic blindness  298, 300, 304

psychology  25, 388

ptosis  360

pyrexia  197

rage  389

rape  231, 233, 244--8

       menÕs response to  248--9

       womenÕs response to  248

reason  403

receptors  38, 40, 61--2

recessive traits  432

relatedness  262

renin  169

reproduction  237--8

       and body weight  116, 118

       see also sexual behaviour

reward  137--8, 140

       role of dopamine in  152, 154, 156

       versus learning  142

risk  398, 400

RNA (ribonucleic acid)  424, 426

sadness  392

salience  76

salt  164, 166, 208

       intake in pregnancy  173

       loss  171--2, 175

satiety  112, 114, 130, 176--7
satiety  112, 114, 130, 176--7

Scientific Revolution  3

seasonal affective disorder  353

seasonal rhythms  351, 353

selective attention  79

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 

52, 54, 62, 324, 406

self-awareness  425

serotonin  18, 48, 50, 198--9, 324, 326

       in depression  404, 406

       and sexual behaviour  234

serotonin-containing neurons  50, 52

       electrical activity of  56, 58

serotonin receptors  53, 55, 61--2

set-point  116, 179, 182

sex hormones  202--8, 217--18

sexual aggression  229, 239--42

       rape  231, 233, 244--9

sexual behaviour  200--49, 290

       social control of  245--6

sexual brain  235

sexual differentiation  221--2, 224, 237--8

sexual drive  210

sexual selection  201

sexual strategies  223

sham rage  308

shelter  194

shivering  186

sickness behaviour  189

signal transduction  33, 35

single base polymorphisms  428

skin  184

sleep  58, 347, 352

       role of hypothalamus  354

sleep centre  337

smell  141--5

social hierarchy  60, 292, 294

social intelligence  278

social interaction  275

society  435

sodium chloride  166

somatostatin  38

S process  354

starvation  134--5

steroids  64

steroid receptors  220, 222

stress  67, 69, 79, 366--422

       and appetite  132

       corticoids and  81--2

       psychological reactions to  91

       response to see stress response

stress proteins  92, 94

stress response  58--9, 65--107

stressors  2

sub-cortical areas  12

submissive behaviour  244

subordinates  226, 228

suicide  326

suprachiasmatic nuclei  344, 346, 348, 350, 364

survival  1--30

sweating  164, 195

sympathetic nervous system  65--6, 68

synapse  15, 44, 68

synaptic cleft  61--2

syntax  31--2

taste  142, 144

teleology  27

temperature sensors  184, 186

temporal cortex  300

testosterone  64, 208, 210, 218, 235, 436, 438

       and aggression  316, 318

tetany  173

thalamus  146

thermal homeostasis  179--80

thermistor  186

thirst  163--5, 167

thyroid gland  190

thyroid-stimulating hormone  thyrotropin  190

thyroxine  190

tool using  160

transcription regulators  96

transsexuality  438

triplets  424, 426

triune brain  16

tryptophan  60

tryptophan hydroxylase  326

twins  263


umami  142

uncertainty  320

undifferentiated response  66