| The Minder Brain | Joe Herbert |

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acclimatisation
191 acetylcholine
54, 56, 74 and
drinking 124 ACTH 84,
90, 228, 350 adaptability
67 adaptation
2, 18, 20, 94, 98 adaptive behaviour 292 adaptive responses 6 AddisonÕs disease 80--1 adrenal gland
68, 84 cortex 70, 80, 90 medulla 70 response
to cold 191 adrenocorticotropic hormone see ACTH affect
403 affective disorder see depression affiliation
262 ageing
104 aggression
289, 294, 296, 298 in
males 303, 305 sex
differences 316 sexual 229, 239--42 agouti
134 aldosterone
172, 208 allostasis
82, 85 altricial birth
254 altruism
275 AlzheimerÕs disease 104 amines 47--8,
63 see
also individual amines amino acids
114 amygdala
96, 100, 317, 319 aggression 300, 302 damage
to 241--2 fear 308 feeding
behaviour 144, 146, 148 maternal
behaviour 260 sexual
behaviour 222, 224 anarchy
320 anatomical addressing 70 anger 72 angiotensin
46, 169 anorexia nervosa
149, 157--8 anterior cingulate 274 anticipatory drinking 175 anxiety
66, 76, 322 apes, sexual behaviour in 211, 214, 216, 236--7, 239, 242, 244 aphrodisiacs
232 appetite
118 loss
of 132 see
also satiety arousal
56, 63, 66, 76, 79 asexual reproduction 211 aspirin
197--8 atrial natriuretic factor 172 attachment
254, 262 attention
76, 79 selective 79 see
also arousal autism
438 autocrine communication 34 axons 44 bases 424 beauty
205 benzodiazepines
322 bile 130 binding
61 biological clocks 333--65 biological diversity 3 blood 166 blood-brain barrier 74 blood loss
166, 168 blood pressure
166, 168 body fluids
162 homeostasis 163 body mass index (BMI) 118 body temperature
178--99 regulation
of 179 body weight
108--61 regulation
of 109 and
reproduction 116, 118 bonding
254, 262, 264, 266 brain 4,
6, 8, 15, 17, 19, 32 chemical
signals 37 components
of 10, 12 emotion 391 peptides 42, 44--7 self-preservation 134, 136 see
also various regions brain-derived growth factor 428, 430 brainstem
100, 168 Brattleboro rat
170 brown adipose tissue 188 bulimia nervosa
149, 157 calcitonin
174 calcium
173--4 cancer 92 cannabis, effect on appetite 128 carotid rete
196 castration
220 cellular communication 31--3 central heating
182 cerebral cortex
12, 22, 44 serotonin
neurons 52 taste
area 144 c-fos protein 92, 94, 96 chemical addressing 70 cholecystokinin
38, 130, 132 cholera
174--5 chromosomes
428 circadian rhythms 333--65 CLOCK
protein 348 day
length 356, 358, 360 PERIOD
protein 346 suprachiasmatic nuclei 344, 346, 348, 350, 364 circulatory system 34 CLOCK protein
348 clothing
193 cognition
8, 407 cold adaptation
188, 190 cold-blooded animals 180 communication
31 autocrine 34 cellular 31--3 competition
201 conditioned taste aversion 150 congenital adrenal hyperplasia 318 cognitive control 284 cooking
160 co-ordinated adaptive response 169 copulation
212 core temperature
180, 184 corticoids
81--2 see
also individual hormones corticosterone
80 corticotropin-releasing factor 47, 84, 86, 88, 132, 230, 406 cortisol
64, 80, 340, 350 and
depression 402, 404, 408 356, 358, 360 |
effects
of 102, 104 C-peptide
36 C process
354 cultivated foods
159--60 culture
435 Cushings syndrome 81--2, 400, 402 cytokines
408 day length decision-making
284 dehydration
169--70, 175 dehydroepiandrosterone 104 demand 2 denaturing of proteins 196 depression
60, 366--422 diagnosis 376, 378, 380 prevention 398 risk
factors 400 role
of cortisol in 402, 404, 408 role
of hormones in 420 Derbyshire neck
190 desert animals
195--6 DHEA 104,
106 and
depression 408 diabetes insipidus 171 diabetes mellitus 36 diagnosis
368, 370, 374 depression 376, 378 dyspnoea 368, 374, 380 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM) 376 diapause
364 disinhibited-nonaggressive behaviour 314 disposition
392 distress
71, 73 diurnal rhythms
80, 333--65 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) 424 dominance
229 dominant traits
432 dopamine
54, 56, 62--3, 74 and
reward 152, 154, 156 and
sexual behaviour 234 drive 140 dyspnoea
368, 374, 380 eating disorders
149, 157--8 ecstasy
54, 198 effort
71, 73 elephants, sexual behaviour 240 emergencies
2 emotion
8, 16, 18, 383--90, 393, 395 brain
and 391 and
reason 403, 405, 407 empathy
391 endangerment
104 endocrine system
38 b-endorphin
228, 230, 266 energy homeostasis 116, 119 energy supply
110, 112 enzymes
180 epigenesis
431, 436 epiphenomenon
58 evolution
3, 27 evolutionary stable strategy 262, 275 executive function 270 extracellular fluid 162, 16 fasting
157 fat stores
136 fear 66,
72, 75, 77, 298, 304, 306--9, 311, 313, 315 feeding behaviour 127 role
of hypothalamus 122, 124 role
of neurotransmitters 124 role
of peptides 46--7, 124, 126, 128 female sexuality
205--6, 209 fertility
216 fever 197--8 fight or flight
65--6 flashbacks
398 food 108,
110 heating 133 and
human culture 151 looking
for 110 and
reward 137--8, 140 as
social instrument 160--1 food intake
109, 133 regulation
of 114, 116 food taboos
151 free-running
336, 348 functional magnetic resonance imaging 272 GABA 44--5,
322, 324 Gage, Phineas
268, 270 galanin
128 gallbladder
130 gastrin
38 gastrointestinal system 36, 38 gender differences 437 general adaptation syndrome 90 genes 35,
424, 426, 431 silencing 434, 436 genetics
424 genetic change
445--9 ghrelin
118 glans penis
220 glucagon
191 glucocorticoids
81, 83 glutamate
39, 44--5, 322 gonadotrophin-releasing hormone 206, 232, 234 gonadotrophins
206, 363 grey matter
10 serotonin
in 48 growth hormone
118, 340 gut feeling
16 haemoglobin
190 heat shock proteins 196--7 heat stroke
184 heterozygous
432 5-HIAA
324, 326 hibernation
191--2 hippocampus
23 homeostasis
4, 71, 82, 85 body
fluids 163 body
weight 116 thermal 179--80 homosexuality
438 homozygous
432 hormone replacement therapy 216 hormones
36, 38 and
depression 420 sex
hormones 202--8, 217--18 thyroid-stimulating
hormone 190 5HT see serotonin humours
382 hunger
109, 114 hunter-gatherers
110 hunting
159 hydrocortisone see cortisol hyper-pyrexia
198 hypersomnia
353 hypocretin
354 hypothalamus
18, 40, 84, 86, 90, 96, 99 aggression 308, 310 circadian
rhythms 342, 344 feeding
behaviour 122, 124, 134, 136 sexual
behaviour 222, 236--7 sleep 354 temperature
control 186, 190 hypothermia
184, 192 |
illness
198 immune system
34 imprinted genes
432 imprinting
258 individuality
423--49 insulin
34, 36, 114, 130 effect
on neuropeptide Y 126 interleukin-1
198 jealousy
387, 389 jet-lag
82, 340 kidneys
168--9 killer instinct
7 Kluver-Bucy syndrome 148, 298, 300, 304 K strategy
256 language
31--3 leptin
115--16, 130 effect
on neuropeptide Y 126 lesbianism
438 leucotomy
274, 276 libido
218 life events
366, 373, 375, 428 limbic system
10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 63 arguments
against 21, 23 in
body fluid homeostasis 173 choice
of mate 242--4 circadian
rhythms 342 fear 328, 330 functions 24 peptide
neurons 45--7 peptides 96 serotonin
neurons 52 lipopolysaccharide 198 lipostatic hypothesis 116 lordosis
212, 222 love 261--2,
265, 269, 271, 273, 279, 281, 283 LSD 54 magnocellular neurons 98, 100, 171 magnocellular nuclei 170 maladaptation
384 male aggression
303, 305 male sexuality
206--8, 220 maternal behaviour 251--4, 258, 260 mating behaviour
78, 210, 212 choice
of mate 242--4 mating season
226 melanocyte stimulating hormone 228 melatonin
351, 362--3 memory 8,
13 noradrenaline
in 78 menopause
216 menstruation
213--15 midbrain
18 molecular chaperones 196 monoamines see dopamine; noradrenaline; serotonin mood 378,
380, 384, 390, 392 motilin
38 motivation
8, 140 motor system
8, 20 moulting
193 musth 240 mutations
92, 427 narcolepsy
354 natural selection 3 neurobiology
15 neurochemicals
98 neuroendocrinology 42 neurons
17, 19, 44 neuropeptide Y
46--7, 124, 230, 430 effect
of insulin on 126 effect
of leptin on 126 neurotoxins
50 neurotransmission 44, 57 neurotransmitters 17, 39 and
feeding behaviour 124 see
also individual neurotransmitters non-shivering thermogenesis 188 noradrenaline
76 in
adrenal medulla 70 effects
of 72 and
feeding behaviour 124 and
memory 78 as
neurotransmitter 18, 54, 56, 62--3,
68 and
sexual behaviour 234 nuclei 98 obesity
115, 117, 119 and
poverty 120 oestradiol
202 oestrogen
64, 173, 202, 256 oestrous
204 oestrous cycle
212--14 olfactory bulb
144, 146 operant behaviour 140 opiates, effect on appetite 128 optic chiasm
344 orbital cortex
314 orbitofrontal cortex 144, 146, 148, 152 orexin
128, 354 ovaries
204, 206, 256 overheating
194--5 ovulation
204 oxytocin
172, 252--3, 266 palatability
122 palimpsests
431 pancreas
36, 136 panting
195 parathyroid gland 173--4 paraventricular nucleus 98, 100 parenting
251 paternal care
251 peptides
20, 32, 34, 37, 39, 48--64, 96, 426 brain 42, 44 and
feeding behaviour 46--7, 124, 126,
128 peri-aqueductal grey 310 period
346 PERIOD protein
346 perseveration 278 phenacetin
197 pheromones
212 photoperiodism
356, 358, 360 physiological redundancy 70 pilo-erection
186 pineal gland
190, 351, 355, 360, 362 pituitary gland
40, 42, 90, 206, 360 placenta
256 plasticity
19 poikilotherms
180 polymorphisms
426, 428, 430 post-traumatic stress disorder 78, 93, 396, 398, 414--15 poverty
120 prandial drinking 175 precocial birth
254 predation
296, 298 prefrontal cortex 266, 268, 270, 272, 274 inhibition
of aggression 312 and
social adaptation 278 prefrontal lobotomy 274, 276 pregnancy salt
intake 173 water
intake 173 Profile of Mood States (POMS) 392 |
progesterone
64, 202 prokineticin 2
350 prolactin
173, 256, 258 promiscuity
239 pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) 228 prostaglandins
198 protein folding
426 proteins
32 Prozac
51, 62 psychiatry
372, 374, 379, 381 psychic blindness 298, 300, 304 psychology
25, 388 ptosis
360 pyrexia
197 rage 389 rape 231,
233, 244--8 menÕs
response to 248--9 womenÕs
response to 248 reason
403 receptors
38, 40, 61--2 recessive traits
432 relatedness
262 renin 169 reproduction
237--8 and
body weight 116, 118 see
also sexual behaviour reward
137--8, 140 role
of dopamine in 152, 154, 156 versus
learning 142 risk 398,
400 RNA (ribonucleic acid) 424, 426 sadness
392 salience
76 salt 164,
166, 208 intake
in pregnancy 173 loss 171--2, 175 satiety 112, 114, 130, 176--7 Scientific Revolution 3 seasonal affective disorder 353 seasonal rhythms
351, 353 selective attention 79 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 52, 54, 62, 324, 406 self-awareness
425 serotonin
18, 48, 50, 198--9, 324, 326 in
depression 404, 406 and
sexual behaviour 234 serotonin-containing neurons 50, 52 electrical
activity of 56, 58 serotonin receptors 53, 55, 61--2 set-point
116, 179, 182 sex hormones
202--8, 217--18 sexual aggression 229, 239--42 rape 231, 233, 244--9 sexual behaviour
200--49, 290 social
control of 245--6 sexual brain
235 sexual differentiation 221--2, 224, 237--8 sexual drive
210 sexual selection
201 sexual strategies 223 sham rage
308 shelter
194 shivering
186 sickness behaviour 189 signal transduction 33, 35 single base polymorphisms 428 skin 184 sleep 58,
347, 352 role
of hypothalamus 354 sleep centre
337 smell 141--5 social hierarchy
60, 292, 294 social intelligence 278 social interaction 275 society
435 sodium chloride
166 somatostatin
38 S process
354 starvation
134--5 steroids
64 steroid receptors 220, 222 stress
67, 69, 79, 366--422 and
appetite 132 corticoids
and 81--2 psychological
reactions to 91 response
to see stress response stress proteins
92, 94 stress response
58--9, 65--107 stressors
2 sub-cortical areas 12 submissive behaviour 244 subordinates
226, 228 suicide
326 suprachiasmatic nuclei 344, 346, 348, 350, 364 survival
1--30 sweating
164, 195 sympathetic nervous system 65--6, 68 synapse
15, 44, 68 synaptic cleft
61--2 syntax 31--2 taste
142, 144 teleology
27 temperature sensors 184, 186 temporal cortex
300 testosterone
64, 208, 210, 218, 235, 436, 438 and
aggression 316, 318 tetany
173 thalamus
146 thermal homeostasis 179--80 thermistor
186 thirst
163--5, 167 thyroid gland
190 thyroid-stimulating hormone thyrotropin 190 thyroxine
190 tool using
160 transcription regulators 96 transsexuality
438 triplets
424, 426 triune brain
16 tryptophan
60 tryptophan hydroxylase 326 twins 263 umami 142 uncertainty
320 undifferentiated response 66 |